Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the oral cavity in a young man: a case report

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare solitary soft tissue tumors that arise from proliferations of malignant transformed monoclonal plasma cells and can be diagnosed through biopsy and histopathologic examination. These lesions are closely associated with multiple myelomas, which should be ruled out in all these cases by necessary laboratory and radiographic examinations. A 25-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a rapidly-growing painless lesion measuring about 2.5×3×3 cm in the palatal side of the left maxillary second and third molar teeth. A diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma was made on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Early diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytomas is of great importance. Radiotherapy is the common modality of treatment with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Progression to multiple myeloma is possible; thus, close follow-up of the patient is essential after completion of the therapeutic procedure

Dietary vitamin E is more effective than omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid for improving the kinematic characteristics of rat sperm

Objective: Although key roles for dietary vitamin E [VITE] and fatty acid [FA] in fertility have been confirmed, limited data are available on the effects of VITE alone, or a constant level of VITE supplemented by dietary omega-6 and omega-3 FAs in combination on male reproduction. Consequently in this paper, the effects of VITE, sunflower oil, fish oil and their combination on rat sperm were investigated

Materials and Methods: We divided 50 mature male Wistar rats into 5 groups [n=10] in a experimental completely randomized design for eight weeks: i. Control [CTR]: standard diet; ii. Vitamin E diet [VITE]: 2 times greater than recommendations; iii. Sunflower oil group [n-6] [gavaged with 0.5 ml/day/rat sunflower oil+VITE diet]; iv. Fish oil group [n-3]: [gavaged with 0.5 ml/day/rat fish oil+VITE diet] and v. n-3+n-6 group [gavaged with 0.3 ml fish oil/day/rat+0.2 ml sunflower oil/day/rat+VITE diet]. The sperm parameters were measured by computer assisted semen analyzer [CASA]. All data were analyzed with SPSS software

Results: Feed intake decreased in groups which were administered sunflower oil compared with the other groups [P<0.05]. The groups which received only VITE or fish oil+VITE had a significantly higher concentration of sperm compared with the n-6+n-3 and CTR group [P<0.05]. VITE and n-3 showed significant improved progressive motility compared to the CTR group, whereas the n-6 and n-6+n-3 groups were in the middle [P<0.05]. The highest sperm kinematic parameters were observed in the VITE only group. There was no strong correlation between sperm parameters and blood lipid profiles

Conclusion: Dietary VITE and fish oil+VITE can improve sperm quality. Our findings can be a focus for improvements in sperm quantity and motility in fertile animals using only dietary VITE

Dietary fish oil can change sperm parameters and fatty acid profiles of ram sperm during oil consumption period and after removal of oil source

The effects of dietary fish oil on semen quality and sperm fatty acid profiles during consumption of n-3 fatty acids as well as the persistency of fatty acids in ram's sperm after removing dietary oil from the diet were investigated. In this experimental study, we randomly assigned 9 Zandi rams to two groups [isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets]: control [CTR; n=5] and fish oil [FO; n=4] for 70 days with a constant level of vitamin E in both groups. Semen was collected at the first week and at the last week of the feeding period [phase 1]. After the feeding period, all rams were fed a conventional diet and semen samples were collected one and two months after removal of FO [phase 2]. The sperm parameters and fatty acid profiles were measured by computer assisted semen analyzer [CASA] and gas chromatography [GC], respectively. The completely randomized design was used and data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Dietary FO had significant positive effects on all sperm quality and quantity parameters compared with the CTR during the feeding period [p<0.05]. The positive effects of FO on sperm concentration and total sperm output were observed at one and two months after removal of FO [p<0.05], whereas other sperm parameters were unaffected. Before feeding, C14 [myristic acid], C16 [palmitic acid], C18 [stearic acid], C18:1 [oleic acid] and C22:6 [docosahexaenoic acid: DHA] were the primary sperm FA. FO in the diet increased sperm DHA, C14:0 and C18:0 during the feeding period [p<0.05]. The present study showed not only manipulation of ram sperm fatty acid profiles by dietary FO and sperm parameters during the feeding period, but also the persistency of unique effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids up to two months following its removal from the diet. Also, we recommend that sperm fatty acid profiles should be comprehensively analyzed and monitored

Adverse effects of formaldehyde vapor on mouse sperm parameters and testicular tissue

Formaldehyde [FA], one of the simplest organic molecules, is a flammable, pungent, irritating and colorless gas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various concentrations of FA vapor on sperm parameters and testicular tissue. In this experimental study, we randomly assigned 36 adult male mice to one control and two experimental groups [n=12 for each group]. The control group [C] did not receive FA. Group F1 [low concentration] was exposed to 10 ppm FA vapor and the F2 [high concentration] group was exposed to 20 ppm FA vapor. FA was administered for ten days, eight hours per day for both groups. At the end of the exposure period, half of the animals in each group were sacrificed 24 hours after exposure to detect any short-term effects; the rest of the mice were sacrificed 35 days later to assess for long-term effects. Sperm parameters were analyzed by Computer-assisted Sperm Analyzer [CASA] and histological changes determined. In addition, we studied changes in testosterone hormone. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe test using SPSS software. Long-term effects of FA in the experimental groups included significant reductions in sperm cell numbers and sperm viability. A drastic reduction in progressive motility and increased abnormal sperm percentage [p<0.001] compared with the control group was also noted. Histological study of testes specimens in the experimental group revealed displacement of germinal cells, along with degeneration of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Exposure to FA vapor can destroy testicular structure and decrease percentages of concentration, viability, normal morphology, and progressive motility, in addition to increasing the percentage of immotile sperm

Fatty acid profiles of ram's sperm after removing some fatty acid sources from the diets and persistency of fatty acids in sperm

Background: Mammalian spermatozoa are characterized by a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs], but reliable data concerning dietary effects on fatty acid [FA] profile in ram's sperm and the persistency of FA in the ration to the FA in sperm has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the stability of saturated and unsaturated FAs in ram's sperm despite removing FA sources from their diet

Materials and Methods: Nine Kalkoohi rams were used in a completely randomized design and they were assigned to 3 groups. The treatments were diet supplemented [35 g/d/ram] by C16:0 [RP-10[registered]], C18: 2 [Sunflower oil; SO] and n-3 [Fish oil; FO] with Vitamin E. Fifteen weeks after the start of the supplemented diet, rams were offered a basal diet without any supplementary FA source for 35 days when the sperm's FA ratio was determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA [Analysis of variance] using the General Linear Model [GLM] procedure of SAS Institute

Results: Thirty five days after removing the fat supplement from the diet, major FA in sperm consisted of: C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis, C18:2 cis and C22:6 n-3 docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]. The percentage of C14:0 [p=0.8] and C18:1 cis [P=0.4] were similar among all the treatments. Interestingly, 35 days after the removal of fatty acid source, the percentage of C22:6 was highest in the FO treated group

Conclusion: The different sperm FA profile among various groups suggests that dietary FA had significant direct or indirect impacts on sperm FA profile after 35 days which might lead to physical and chemical changes in sperm characteristics